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DNA is mentioned all the time in the media in relation to crime and crimes being solved through DNA evidence which tie suspects to a crime scene. This technology has been so cost effective and successful that many Countries are now establishing National DNA data bases. So what is DNA?
DNA is Deoxyribonucleic acid
it is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The main role of DNA is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints, a recipe or code since it contains the instructions needed to construct the components of cells. These DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes.
Although most people share very similar gene sequences, some regions of the DNA sequence have been found to vary from person to person with high frequency. Comparing variation in these regions identifies whether two different DNA samples come from the same person. Today, DNA fingerprinting has become one of the primary methods of identifying people and solving crimes.
Forensic DNA analysis systems probe multiple regions of the DNA sequence for DNA markers to identify multiple repetitions of short combinations. If two DNA samples match completely in a number of DNA markers, the probability that they could have come from two unrelated people is virtually zero. This fact makes DNA identification extremely reliable.
DNA liquid under normal light
Chemically, DNA consists of two long polymers made of sugars and phosphates joined by bonds. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules. It is the sequence of these four molecules or ‘bases’ along the backbone that encodes information. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA, in a process called transcription.
Due to recent technological developments it is now possible to create short chains of synthetic DNA each with a unique code in the laboratory. This new technology enables Wireless Eye to add an individual DNA code to each container of DNA marking water. This enables the Wireless Eye CSI DNA Sentry system to have an individual DNA signature linked to an individual post code and address where the system is installed.
When a sample of DNA water is identified on a sprayed suspect analysis of it will irrefutably tie that suspect to the address or post code of the crime scene. In the same way as the DNA found in blood at a crime scene would tie a suspect with matching DNA to the crime scene.
The analysis of samples which were in contact with DNA marker liquid is extremely sensitive and can detect only a few molecules of DNA. This means even trace samples taken from a suspects skin, hair, clothes or tools can be detected and used in evidence even weeks or months after the crime was committed.
The use of DNA water spray evidence makes prosecution much more likely.
Most importantly the increase in the prospect of suspect identification also acts as a significant deterrent to crime where Wireless Eye CSI DNA Sentry is deployed.
Napkin under ultraviolet light